NIST selected three post-quantum signature schemes — two of them are lattice-based, and NIST opened a separate process specifically to diversify beyond lattices. QWID runs that diversification in production today: Falcon-512 (lattice) and MAYO-5 (multivariate) as two independent mathematical families, either one retireable by on-chain vote without a hard fork.
Post-quantum cryptography requires large public keys — Falcon-512 public keys are 897 bytes and MAYO-5 public keys are 5,554 bytes. A naive implementation into a network like Ethereum would reduce block validation rates by 14×, making the chain impractical.
QWID solves this elegantly: public keys are included optionally inside transactions — only on a user's first interaction with the network. All subsequent transactions reference the already-registered key.
Two independent post-quantum schemes, each from a different mathematical family:
Falcon-512 — lattice · NIST security level 1 · sig <752 BMAYO-5 — multivariate · NIST security level 5 · sig 964 B
The second scheme is a safety net: if one scheme is ever found to be broken, the network continues operating on the other while the community votes to replace the compromised one with a new, vetted algorithm — zero downtime, zero lost funds.
Users can optimise for speed with Falcon-512 or for the highest security level with MAYO-5, depending on the value and sensitivity of each transaction.
The result: up to 5,000 transactions per 10-second block with quantum-resistant signatures, secured by Proof-of-Synergy consensus.
Falcon-512←Lattice-based math (NTRU)
MAYO-5←Multivariate polynomial math
Two entirely different mathematical problems — if one is broken, the other still protects you.
QWID Chain — Single Chain, Dual Encryption
Block #N — ≤ 5,000 TX · 10s
TX 0x1a2b…Falcon‑512 + pubkey
TX 0x3c4d…MAYO‑5 + pubkey
TX 0x5e6f…Falcon‑512
TX 0x7a8b…MAYO‑5
↓
Block #N−1
TX 0x9c0d…standard
TX 0xab1e…standard
… more transactions
↓
Block #N−2 · · ·
Falcon‑512 — NIST L1 · faster · sig <752 B
MAYO‑5 — multivariate · NIST L5 · sig 964 B
+ pubkey — included only on first TX (registration)
✓ User chooses the scheme per transaction
Core Capabilities
Engineered for the Quantum Era
Cutting-Edge PQC Security
Two post-quantum schemes from different mathematical families: Falcon-512 (lattice-based, NIST security level 1, sig <752 B) and MAYO-5 (multivariate, NIST security level 5, sig 964 B). Users choose which scheme signs each transaction — and a break in one family leaves the other standing.
Proof-of-Synergy Consensus
A novel consensus mechanism combining PoW DDoS protection, Delegated PoS yields, and PoA scalability — producing a new block every 10 seconds.
EVM Smart Contracts
Full Ethereum EVM compatibility with 13.7M gas per block. Existing Solidity contracts can migrate to QWID’s quantum-resistant environment with no code changes.
Scalable Architecture
Public keys are embedded optionally in transactions — only on first use. Subsequent transactions carry no key overhead, enabling up to 5,000 TX per 10-second block with quantum-resistant signatures.
Staking & On-Chain DEX
Protocol-level automated market maker (constant-product formula, like Uniswap) runs directly on the chain — cheaper, trustless, and safe from smart contract exploits. Minimum 1,000 QWD to stake.
PRICE & RAND Oracles
Two on-chain oracles included at the protocol layer. PRICE Oracle provides decentralized QWD/USD rates. RAND Oracle generates verifiable random numbers for DeFi and GameFi — both completely free.
Governance Voting
On-chain cryptographic governance runs every 60 blocks (~10 minutes). The community can pause compromised cryptographic schemes or upgrade to new PQC standards without halting the network.
Deflationary & Scarce
Fixed maximum supply of 2,300,000,000 QWD. Block rewards decrease continuously as coins are mined — no fixed halving schedule, just natural perpetual deflation baked into the protocol.
Competitive Landscape
See Why QWID Is Different
A direct comparison of the features that matter for long-term security and utility.
Feature
QWID
Ethereum
Bitcoin
Quantum Resistant
✓
✗
✗
Block Time
10s
~12s
~10 min
Consensus
Proof-of-Synergy
Proof-of-Stake
Proof-of-Work
Smart Contracts
EVM Compatible
✓
Limited
Built-in DEX
✓
✗
✗
Price Oracle
Free on-chain
External paid
✗
Randomness Oracle
Free on-chain
External paid
✗
No Slashing
✓
✗
N/A
Escrow Account
Protocol-native
Smart contract only
✗
Multi-Signature Account
Protocol-native
Smart contract only
Limited (OP_CHECKMULTISIG)
Time to Finality
~10s (1 block)
~15 min
~60 min
Max Supply
2.3B QWD
Unlimited
21M BTC
Environment
Low energy
Medium
High PoW
Internal Security Review · May–July 2026
Zero Open Findings. Every Report Public.
A line-by-line review of 284 Go files across 45 packages, covering cryptography, consensus, transaction validation, network security, and state management. It enumerated 158 findings; all are remediated and code-verified, with 14 documented as deferred-by-design. This was an internal, AI-assisted review, not a third-party audit — the full report is published unedited so you can check the work yourself. An external audit is planned before mainnet.
✓ 0 Critical Open✓ 0 High Open✓ 0 Medium OpenFull Report Published100% Open Source
Create quantum-resistant keypairs for both Falcon-512 and MAYO-5. The CLI generator derives them from a 24-word BIP-39 recovery phrase, shown once at creation, so the wallet can be restored on any machine.
02
Stake or Transact
Send QWD, deploy Solidity smart contracts, stake to a delegated node to earn rewards, or trade tokens via the protocol-level DEX — all in 10-second blocks.
03
Explore the Chain
Track blocks, transactions, accounts, and staking data in real time using the open-source blockchain explorer at explorer.qwid.org.
Token Economics
QWD Tokenomics
10%Initial Supply
Initial Supply — 230,000,000 QWD (10%)
Mineable Supply — 2,070,000,000 QWD (90%)
Max Supply
2,300,000,000
Initial Supply
230,000,000
Block Time
10s
Chain ID
23
Decimals
8
Min Node Stake
1,000,000 QWD
Min User Stake
1,000 QWD
Max TX/Block
5,000
Block Reward Formula
reward = remaining × 2×10⁻⁸
Initial reward at genesis: 41.4 QWD per block. Decreases continuously — no fixed halving schedule.
Development History
Roadmap
From initial research to public testnet — every milestone on the path to a quantum-resistant internet of value.
Survey of the NIST post-quantum signature candidates. Selection of Falcon-512 (lattice) and MAYO-5 (multivariate) as two schemes from independent mathematical families. Architecture design for optional in-transaction pubkey registration to address PQC key-size constraints.
Implementation of the single-chain architecture with optional in-transaction pubkey registration. Proof-of-Synergy consensus engine. RocksDB-based state management with prefixed key schema. P2P networking layer with custom TCP/IP stack.
Integration of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. EVM compatibility layer enabling Solidity contract deployment. Gas metering at 13.7M gas per block. Contract state persistence via RocksDB state trie.
Protocol-level DEX with constant-product AMM. PRICE Oracle providing decentralized QWD/USD rates. RAND Oracle for verifiable on-chain randomness. Staking system with 256 delegated accounts and 128 active validators.
On-chain governance voting system enabling cryptographic scheme upgrades without network downtime. Escrow account mechanism for delayed transactions. Multi-signature account support at the protocol level. No-slashing Proof-of-Synergy finalization.
Web UI wallet, Qt desktop wallet, and open-source blockchain explorer. JSON-RPC interface for wallet-node communication. Public repository released at github.com/qwid-org/qwid-node. WhitePaper v1.0 published.
2026In Progress
Public Testnet
Public testnet open to all validators and developers. Network stress testing, security audits, and community feedback integration. Bug bounty program. Faucet for testnet QWD distribution.
Q3 2026Upcoming
Mainnet Launch
Genesis block creation. Initial supply of 230,000,000 QWD distributed. First 128 validator nodes activated. Block rewards begin at 41.4 QWD per block. The quantum-safe internet of value goes live.
Knowledge Base
Frequently Asked Questions
QWID Technology
QWID is a quantum-resistant blockchain that does not bet on a single mathematical assumption. It runs two post-quantum signature schemes from different mathematical families side by side — Falcon-512 (lattice-based) and MAYO-5 (multivariate) — on a Proof-of-Synergy consensus. If one family is ever broken, the chain keeps running on the other while on-chain governance retires the compromised scheme.
Post-quantum cryptography requires large public keys — Falcon-512 is 897 bytes and MAYO-5 is 5,554 bytes. A naive implementation would reduce block validation rates by 14×. QWID solves this by embedding public keys optionally inside transactions: a user includes both pubkeys only on their first transaction. All subsequent transactions are standard-sized, carrying only the signatures. The keys are stored on-chain from that first registration and reused from then on.
Yes. QWID hosts a quantum-resistant decentralized virtual machine supporting smart contracts. QWID’s virtual machine is EVM-compatible with Ethereum technology, enabling developer migration and new contract development.
The RAND Oracle generates verifiably random numbers within smart contracts, replacing expensive third-party oracles. It provides per-block random numbers aggregated from network nodes at no cost for DeFi and GameFi applications.
The PRICE Oracle provides decentralized access to QWD token USD exchange rates within smart contracts. Network incentives encourage nodes to submit pricing data, with the median price determining the rate. Included per-block on the main chain at no charge.
An Escrow Account delays outgoing transactions by a user-defined number of blocks, giving account owners time to review and cancel suspicious activity before it is finalized. This adds a powerful fraud-prevention layer for custody of large amounts and institutional use cases — built directly into the QWID protocol at no extra cost.
A Multi-Signature Account requires a threshold of authorized co-signers to approve a transaction before it can be executed — similar to Gnosis Safe on Ethereum but implemented at the protocol level. This eliminates smart contract risk and fees, while providing trustless, verifiable shared custody of funds.
Quantum Computing & PQC
PQC means Post-Quantum Cryptography — cryptography believed to resist attack by quantum algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s. QWID builds on schemes from the NIST post-quantum standardisation process: Falcon-512, selected by NIST for standardisation as FN-DSA (FIPS 206, still in draft), and MAYO-5, a round-3 candidate in the NIST Additional Signatures process.
Shor’s algorithm, published by Peter Shor in 1994, solves both integer factorisation and the discrete logarithm problem in polynomial time on a sufficiently large quantum computer. RSA rests on factorisation; the ECDSA signatures used by Bitcoin and Ethereum rest on the elliptic-curve discrete logarithm. Shor’s algorithm breaks both — which is why every non-PQC asymmetric scheme in production today needs replacing, not merely longer keys.
QWID supports two post-quantum signature schemes drawn from different mathematical families, so that a break in one does not compromise the other.
Falcon-512 — lattice-based (NTRU). NIST security level 1, comparable to 128-bit AES; public key 897 B, signature <752 B. Selected by NIST for standardisation as FN-DSA (FIPS 206), which is still in draft.
MAYO-5 — multivariate (Oil-and-Vinegar). NIST security level 5, comparable to 256-bit AES; public key 5,554 B, signature 964 B. A round-3 candidate in the NIST Additional Signatures process, which NIST opened in 2022 precisely to reduce reliance on lattice assumptions — two of its three selected signature schemes are lattice-based.
Neither scheme is a finalised standard yet, and parameter sets in the multivariate family are under active cryptanalysis. That is the argument for running two families rather than one: each transaction is signed under a scheme the user picks, and QWID’s on-chain governance can pause or replace either scheme without a hard fork.
QWID Coin & Tokenomics
The total supply of QWD coin is 2,300,000,000 QWD (2.3 BLN). It is deflationary with a fixed maximum supply. Block rewards decrease naturally and continuously as more coins are mined, since each reward equals the remaining mineable supply × 2×10⁻⁸.
The mineable coin supply is 2,070,000,000 QWD (90% of total supply). Pre-mined coins equal 10% of total supply: 230,000,000 QWD. These pre-mined coins serve as the genesis supply to bootstrap the network.
Block reward = remaining mineable coins × 2×10⁻⁸. At genesis, with 2.07 billion QWD left to mine, the initial block reward is 41.4 QWD. The reward decreases naturally and continuously as more coins are mined — no fixed halving schedule. Rewards distribute proportionally to each staker’s contribution.
Staking & Validation
A consensus mechanism defining how distributed nodes reach agreement about which transactions appear on the chain. QWID combines elements of Proof-of-Work (DDoS protection), Delegated Proof-of-Stake (staking/DeFi yields), and Proof-of-Authority (limited nodes for scalability) for environmental friendliness, DDoS resistance, and decentralization.
256 delegate accounts are created when the blockchain is initiated. Those interested in staking deposit QWD to these accounts. The top 128 delegate accounts in terms of QWD holding act as nodes and validators.
Users can deposit QWD in any of the 256 delegated accounts, as long as they deposit a minimum of 1,000 QWD. Withdrawals can occur anytime without fixed deposit periods.
You need 1,000,000 QWD to create and operate your own node. You can also operate a node with less if other stakers join and collectively reach the threshold. Node operators set fees ranging from 0–50% of node rewards to cover operational expenses.
Only users staking coins to delegated accounts (nodes) that create valid blocks receive rewards, proportional to their staked amounts. The maximum number of reward-receiving nodes is limited to 128.
Advanced Features
No. There is no slashing on the QWID network. The Proof-of-Synergy protocol prevents malicious behavior without punishing delegators for the actions of node operators they staked to. Your staked funds are always safe from protocol-level confiscation.
QWID features a protocol-level automated market maker built directly into the blockchain — not inside an EVM smart contract. It uses a constant-product formula similar to Uniswap, but because it runs at the protocol layer, swaps are cheaper, trustless, and not exposed to smart contract exploits.
Private keys are stored exclusively in the user’s wallet, encrypted with AES-256-GCM under an Argon2id-derived key, and are never transmitted to the blockchain. Only public keys and signatures ever reach the chain.
Wallets created with the CLI generator are derived from a 24-word BIP-39 recovery phrase (2,048-word list), which regenerates the keys on a new machine. Note that the phrase is a seed the keys are derived from — a post-quantum secret key is far too large to be written out as words. Wallets created through the Web UI or the public website use random keys and have no recovery phrase by design, since a phrase must never cross an HTTP connection; for those, the encrypted wallet file plus its password is the backup.
QWID integrates an on-chain voting mechanism allowing the community to pause a compromised cryptographic scheme or upgrade it to a newly vetted post-quantum alternative — all without stopping the network. Because QWID supports two independent schemes, if one is ever found to be broken the network continues operating on the other while the community votes to replace the compromised one. The second scheme is a live safety net: zero downtime, zero lost funds, and no need for an emergency hard fork. This future-proofs the blockchain against vulnerabilities that may be discovered in Falcon-512 or MAYO-5 after mainnet launch.
"QWID sits at the intersection of cryptography, distributed systems, and chaotic-signal ML — a combination that requires a physicist who codes. That's a rare profile, and it's been my career."
Join the Network
Ready to Go Beyond Quantum?
Explore the open-source code, browse the live blockchain, or dive into the FAQ to learn how QWID is building the quantum-safe internet of value.
